“DC are important cells of the immune system. They are phagocytes and have the ability to take up pathogens. On their surface are different receptors of the pattern recognition receptors family (PRR). On the one hand the TLR (Toll like receptors) Family are included. On the other hand are receptors like C-type lectins (e.g. DC-SIGN) and mannose binding receptors present on the cell surface. The signals vary strongly after binding of a pathogen on the different PRR’s. Interestingly, the different receptors of the TLR family recognize different pattern from different parts of a pathogen. If a Toll like receptor binds a pathogen the intracellular cascade starts. This leads to an activation of NF-KB and the production of different pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g: IL1, IL12, TNFa,…).
The Binding of known structures of a pathogen to a C-type lectin results in a phagocytosis. Phagocytosis is a process in which pathogens will take up by endocytosis. During this process the endosome will fusion with a primary lysosme to a secondary lysosome. Within the lysosome hypochloric acid and enzymes digest pathogens to fragments. In the lysosomal membrane integrated MHC-II molecules will specifically bind to the fragments and migrate intracellulary to the cell membrane (the foreign fragment will be shown on the outside of the cell). The presenting fragment can activate t cells, which are important for the humoral immune response.
The uptake or binding of a pathogen leads to the activation of dendritic cells. They loose their ability to take up pathogens und begin to produce cytokines and chemokines and migrate to the secondary lymph nodes for the activation of t-cells.
Dendritic cells are able to induce the innate immune response. They produce pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, which leads to the migration of phagocytes (neutrophils, monocytes,…). They play also a key role in the humoral immune response. DC are capable antigen-presenting cells (APC) and show their MHC-II:fragment complex to CD4+ t-cells. These t-cells are important for the activation of b-cells and the production of antibodies.”
I tried to write a post on english for practice. The post could include some mistakes and I apologise for them.
Immunobiology, Charles Janeway, 6th edition, Garland Science